UM1HG011969

The Center for Actionable Variant Analysis; Measuring Variant Function at Scale - Project Summary

Nearly all of the ~9 billion possible single nucleotide variants compatible with life exist among the 7.8 billion individuals alive today. Understanding the effects of these variants, especially in disease-associated protein coding genes, is central to understanding human biology and to using genome sequence information to guide the diagnosis and treatment of disease.

Unfortunately, most new variants revealed by genetic testing are variants of uncertain significance, meaning insufficient information exists to definitively interpret the variant as either pathogenic or benign. Variants of uncertain significance cannot be used to guide patient care and reflect our incomplete understanding of variant effects.

To overcome this challenge, we developed Saturation Genome Editing (SGE) and Variant Abundance by Massively Parallel Sequencing (VAMP-Seq), multiplexed assays of variant effect that can make and measure the functional effect of massive numbers of variants. In SGE, single nucleotide variants are edited directly into the genome, revealing the effect of these variants on cell survival due to effects on splicing or protein function, thereby enabling accurate identification of both pathogenic and benign variants. VAMP-Seq measures the effects of missense variants on protein abundance inside cells and can identify up to 80% of pathogenic variants. Together, SGE and VAMP-Seq can be applied to at least 40% of genes to produce high-quality, clinically useful functional data at single nucleotide resolution. Already, variant functional data produced by each of these methods are being used by clinicians to interpret genetic variants.

Our proposed Center for Actionable Variant Analysis (CAVA) will harness SGE and VAMP-Seq to contribute single nucleotide variant functional data for ~200,000 variants in ~32 of the most clinically impactful protein coding genes to the IGVF Variant/Element/Phenotype Catalog. To accomplish this transformative goal, we propose four aims.

In Aim 1, we will choose target genes and assays using a framework that maximizes clinical need, clinical impact, and practicality. Each target/assay pair will be rigorously validated prior to entering production. We will contribute to the consortium during the first year and beyond by developing standards, sharing reagents, and initiating collaborative projects.

In Aim 2, SGE and VAMP-Seq will be performed on ~32 genes to high-quality standards tracked using well-defined metrics. These include assay dynamic range and reproducibility, individual measurement error, and concordance with existing functional data and gold standard clinical data. A data analysis pipeline, integrated with our LIMS, will ensure reproducibility and enable careful progress tracking.

In Aim 3, we will share the multiplexed variant functional data. Rigorously defined data sharing standards and metadata will ensure discoverability, computability, and durability. We will work with the consortium to achieve consensus, and we will revise our plans accordingly.

In Aim 4, we will enable labs to quickly stand up SGE or VAMP-Seq. We will create a predict-evaluate-revise cycle that leverages the data we will generate and work collaboratively to generate data to improve modeling efforts.

University Of Washington

NHGRI SUPPORTS THE DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCES AND TECHNOLOGIES THAT WILL ACCELERATE GENOME RESEARCH AND ITS APPLICATION TO HUMAN HEALTH AND GENOMIC MEDICINE. A CRITICAL PART OF THE NHGRI MISSION CONTINUES TO BE THE STUDY OF THE ETHICAL, LEGAL AND SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS (ELSI) OF GENOME RESEARCH. NHGRI ALSO SUPPORTS THE TRAINING AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT OF INVESTIGATORS AND THE DISSEMINATION OF GENOME INFORMATION TO THE PUBLIC AND TO HEALTH PROFESSIONALS. THE SMALL BUSINESS INNOVATION RESEARCH (SBIR) PROGRAM IS USED TO INCREASE PRIVATE SECTOR COMMERCIALIZATION OF INNOVATIONS DERIVED FROM FEDERAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, TO INCREASE SMALL BUSINESS PARTICIPATION IN FEDERAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, AND TO FOSTER AND ENCOURAGE PARTICIPATION OF SOCIALLY AND ECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED SMALL BUSINESS CONCERNS AND WOMEN-OWNED SMALL BUSINESS CONCERNS IN TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION. THE SMALL BUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER (STTR) PROGRAM IS USED TO FOSTER SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION THROUGH COOPERATIVE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CARRIED OUT BETWEEN SMALL BUSINESS CONCERNS AND RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS, TO FOSTER TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER BETWEEN SMALL BUSINESS CONCERNS AND RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS, TO INCREASE PRIVATE SECTOR COMMERCIALIZATION OF INNOVATIONS DERIVED FROM FEDERAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, AND TO FOSTER AND ENCOURAGE PARTICIPATION OF SOCIALLY AND ECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED SMALL BUSINESS CONCERNS AND WOMEN-OWNED SMALL BUSINESS CONCERNS IN TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION.

93.172 - Human Genome Research

National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) [HHS - NIH]

Seattle, Washington 981951016 United States

Single Zip Code

Systematic Characterization of Genomic Variation on Genomic Function and Phenotype (UM1 Clinical Trial Not Allowed) (RFA-HG-20-043)

Amendment Since initial award the total obligations have increased 854% from $869,146 to $8,288,018.