U01NR020443

COVID-19 Vaccinations and School/Community Resources: Children's Longitudinal Health and Education Outcomes Using Linked Administrative Data - Project Summary/Abstract

This research will examine how significant disruptions to children's health, education, and overall well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic created a lasting influence on health, development, and social trajectories through the lifecourse, and the risk for long-term health outcomes. Effects of the pandemic are unevenly distributed amongst children, particularly with respect to race/ethnicity and income, and are anticipated to both reflect and exacerbate the already wide health disparities in the United States.

As vaccines continue to roll out, inequality in access to and take up of vaccinations could compound the disparate outcomes. New York City (NYC), where the 1 million public school children are majority Black or Hispanic (66%) and 74% are low-income, is an ideal place to situate this research.

In the health domain, changes in diet and physical activity and missed healthcare may increase the incidence and exacerbation of chronic diseases like obesity, asthma, and diabetes. The pandemic generated stress and anxiety, with fewer of the usual mental health services supports available, posing a risk for new and more severe health problems.

Even after schools fully return to in-person learning, the educational consequences are expected to be protracted – including declines in academic achievement (test scores), increases in chronic absenteeism, repeating grades, or high school dropout.

The research leverages the NYC Student Population Health Registry (SPHR), a uniquely inclusive, longitudinal database of all NYC public school students, created jointly by the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene and NYC Department of Education to examine these and other outcomes. SPHR links multiple municipal data sources at the child-level, allowing us to examine the influence of the COVID pandemic on myriad outcomes.

The impact of variation in child-level, classroom-level, and school-level vaccination rates will be important to understand, and it is expected that neighborhood and school characteristics (income, vaccination sites, emergency food resources, open space) will mitigate (or exacerbate) sustained impacts. Identifying sources of resilience, at either the individual or neighborhood level, is a public health priority.

The specific aims are:

- Aim 1: With a focus on disparities, determine health and education changes among children 2-4 years after pandemic onset compared to pre-pandemic using a new, comprehensive, and powerful set of linked child-level administrative data.

- Aim 2: Determine how child-level, school-level, and neighborhood-level COVID vaccination rates influence the course of the COVID pandemic, with a focus on disparities.

- Aim 3: Determine the role of neighborhood and school resources in exacerbating or mitigating health and educational disparities due to the COVID pandemic.

New York University

NURSES UNDERSTAND THAT IMPROVING HEALTH AND WELL-BEING MEANS ADDRESSING PEOPLE'S NEEDS IN MULTIPLE SETTINGS, CONTEXTS, AND OVER THE WHOLE LIFE COURSE. SCIENCE SUPPORTED BY THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NURSING RESEARCH (NINR) USES THIS HOLISTIC PERSPECTIVE TO IMPROVE INDIVIDUAL AND POPULATION HEALTH AND ADVANCE HEALTH EQUITY. NINR-SUPPORTED RESEARCH PROMOTES HEALTH AND WELL-BEING BY ADDRESSING NEEDS AT MULTIPLE LEVELS INDIVIDUAL, FAMILY, COMMUNITY, AND SOCIETAL LEVELS AND DEVELOPING TREATMENT AND PREVENTION STRATEGIES THAT ARE RESPONSIVE TO THE REALITY OF PEOPLE'S LIVES. NURSES KNOW PEOPLE, AND PEOPLE TRUST NURSES. PATIENT AND FAMILIES INTERACT WITH NURSES MORE THAN ANY OTHER CLINICIANS. NURSING SCIENCE USES THIS SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP TO BETTER UNDERSTAND PATIENTS, FAMILIES, AND COMMUNITIES AND THE MANY FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THEIR HEALTH. NURSING SCIENCE SUPPORTED BY NINR USES THIS KNOWLEDGE TO DEVELOP STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING HEALTH AND WELLNESS ACROSS POPULATIONS, HEALTH CARE SETTINGS, AND THE LIFESPAN, WITH AN EMPHASIS ON ACHIEVING HEALTH EQUITY. NINR-SUPPORTED SCIENTISTS HAVE DEVELOPED INTERVENTIONS FOR: SUPPORTING PARENTS OF PREMATURE INFANTS, PROMOTING HIV PREVENTION IN UNDERSERVED POPULATIONS, IMPROVING TRANSITIONAL CARE LEADING TO BETTER OUTCOMES AND COST-SAVINGS, AND HELPING INNER-CITY CHILDREN MANAGE ASTHMA. NURSING SCIENCE TRANSCENDS THE BOUNDARIES OF DISEASE AND RESEARCH DISCIPLINES TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE EXPERIENCES OF INDIVIDUALS AND FAMILIES LIVING WITH ILLNESS AND TO DEVELOP PERSONALIZED APPROACHES THAT MAXIMIZE HEALTH AND WELL-BEING FOR INDIVIDUALS AT ALL STAGES OF LIFE, ACROSS DIVERSE POPULATIONS AND SETTINGS. NINR-SUPPORTED SCIENCE USES NURSING SCIENCE'S UNIQUE, PATIENT AND COMMUNITY-FOCUSED PERSPECTIVE AND WIDE REACH ACROSS CLINICAL AND COMMUNITY SETTINGS TO ADVANCE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH: THOSE FACTORS THAT ARE AT THE ROOT OF THE INEQUITIES THAT WE SEE, SUCH AS FOOD INSECURITY AND ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE. NINR RESEARCH EFFORTS IN WELLNESS INVESTIGATE THE KEY BIOLOGICAL, BEHAVIORAL, AND SOCIAL FACTORS THAT PROMOTE LONG-TERM HEALTH AND HEALTHY BEHAVIORS AND PREVENT THE DEVELOPMENT OF ILLNESS ACROSS HEALTH CONDITIONS, SETTINGS, AND THE LIFESPAN. RESEARCH IN WELLNESS IS ALSO FOCUSED ON DEVELOPING AND TESTING CULTURALLY APPROPRIATE INTERVENTIONS TO PROMOTE HEALTH AND PREVENT ILLNESS IN MINORITY AND UNDERSERVED GROUPS. NINR ALSO SUPPORTS SCIENCE TO ASSIST INDIVIDUALS, FAMILIES, AND HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS IN MANAGING ADVANCED, SERIOUS ILLNESS, AND PLANNING FOR END-OF-LIFE DECISIONS. IN ADDITION, NINR PROMOTES TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS THAT ADDRESS A RANGE OF HEALTH CARE CHALLENGES AND FACILITATE THE DELIVERY OF REAL-TIME PERSONALIZED INFORMATION TO INDIVIDUALS AND FAMILIES, HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS, AND COMMUNITIES. FINALLY, NINR HAS A LONGSTANDING AND CONTINUING COMMITMENT TO DEVELOPING THE NEXT GENERATION OF NURSE SCIENTISTS: THOSE INDIVIDUALS AND TEAM MEMBERS WHO WILL CARRY THE FIELD OF NURSING SCIENCE INTO THE FUTURE. IN ORDER TO PREPARE AN INNOVATIVE, DIVERSE, AND TALENTED NEXT GENERATION OF NURSE SCIENTISTS, NINR SUPPORTS A VARIETY OF TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES FOR SCIENTISTS AND TRAINEES AT ALL CAREER LEVELS, PARTICULARLY THOSE AT AN EARLY CAREER STAGE WHO ARE SO CRITICAL TO SUSTAINING THE FUTURE OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH AND HIGH QUALITY HEALTH CARE.

93.361 - Nursing Research

National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) [HHS - NIH]

New York, New York 100165267 United States

Single Zip Code

Emergency Award: Social, Behavioral, and Economic Research on COVID-19 Consortium (U01 Clinical Trial Not Allowed) (PAR-21-213)

Amendment Since initial award the total obligations have increased 325% from $829,896 to $3,525,609.