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2321964

Cooperative Agreement

Overview

Grant Description
SBIR PHASE II: ADDRESSING FRESHWATER SALINIZATION AND FRESHWATER SCARCITY WITH A CHLORIDE SELECTIVE REMOVAL AND RECOVERY SYSTEM -THE BROADER/COMMERCIAL IMPACT OF THIS SMALL BUSINESS INNOVATION RESEARCH (SBIR) PHASE II PROJECT IS TO COMPREHENSIVELY ADDRESS ISSUES RELATED TO WATER TREATMENT, ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION, AND RESOURCE RECOVERY THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW DESALINATION TECHNOLOGY CALLED A DESALINATION BATTERY.

STADY GROWTH IN HUMAN POPULATION AND RAPID INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT HAVE LED TO GREATER DEMANDS FOR WATER PRODUCTION. AT THE SAME TIME, ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITIES, AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES, AND THE DISPOSAL OF WASTEWATER HAVE LED TO SALINIZATION OF NATURAL FRESHWATER RESOURCES.

THE DESALINATION BATTERY COMBINES THE FUNCTIONS OF DESALINATION AND ENERGY GENERATION TO REDUCE THE ENERGY AND COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH DESALINATION, ADDRESSING CHALLENGES AT THE INTERSECTION OF THE WATER-ENERGY NEXUS.

THE GOAL OF THE PROPOSED RESEARCH IS TO ACCELERATE THE COMMERCIALIZATION OF THE DESALINATION BATTERY BY EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS SOLUTION COMPONENTS PRESENT IN REAL FEEDWATER TYPES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE DESALINATION BATTERY.

SUCCESSFUL DEVELOPMENT OF THE DESALINATION BATTERY WILL HELP TO SAFEGUARD ACCESS TO FRESHWATER RESOURCES AND ENSURE AN ADEQUATE FRESHWATER SUPPLY, WHICH ARE ESSENTIAL TO ADVANCE THE HEALTH AND WELFARE OF THE AMERICAN PUBLIC.

THE OVERALL GOAL OF THIS PROJECT IS TO COMMERCIALIZE A NEW DESALINATION TECHNOLOGY, A DESALINATION BATTERY, WHICH IS BASED ON THE PATENTED USE OF BI AS A CL-STORAGE ELECTRODE IN COMBINATION WITH A NA-STORAGE ELECTRODE.

LIKE CONVENTIONAL BATTERIES, THE DESALINATION BATTERY STORES AND RELEASES ENERGY DURING THE CHARGING AND DISCHARGING PROCESSES, BUT THEY ARE ALSO COUPLED WITH THE STORAGE AND RELEASE OF NA+ AND CL-. AS THE ENERGY CONSUMED DURING CHARGING IS RECOVERED DURING DISCHARGING, THE NET ENERGY REQUIRED FOR DESALINATION IS DRASTICALLY REDUCED.

FURTHERMORE, SINCE NA+ AND CL- ARE REMOVED VIA ION-SPECIFIC ELECTRODE REACTIONS, THE DESALINATION BATTERY ENABLES MEMBRANE-FREE DESALINATION.

WHILE EFFICIENT REMOVAL OF NACL HAS BEEN DEMONSTRATED, THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS OTHER SOLUTION COMPONENTS PRESENT IN REAL WASTEWATER AND SEAWATER ARE STILL UNKNOWN.

THE GOAL OF THE PROPOSED WORK IS TO ACCURATELY EVALUATE THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SALINITIES, PH CONDITIONS, AND VARIOUS INORGANIC AND ORGANIC SPECIES PRESENT IN REAL FEEDWATER ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE DESALINATION BATTERY AND DEVELOP MITIGATION PLANS FOR ANY PROBLEMATIC COMPONENTS.

THE SUCCESS OF THE PROPOSED WORK IS CRITICAL TO PERFORM ACCURATE TECHNOECONOMIC CALCULATIONS TO PRIORITIZE THE MOST PROMISING FEEDWATER TYPES TO TARGET AND DEVELOP A TAILORED COMMERCIALIZATION PLAN FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS.

THIS AWARD REFLECTS NSF'S STATUTORY MISSION AND HAS BEEN DEEMED WORTHY OF SUPPORT THROUGH EVALUATION USING THE FOUNDATION'S INTELLECTUAL MERIT AND BROADER IMPACTS REVIEW CRITERIA.

SUBAWARDS ARE PLANNED FOR THIS AWARD.
Awardee
Funding Goals
THE GOAL OF THIS FUNDING OPPORTUNITY, "NSF SMALL BUSINESS INNOVATION RESEARCH PHASE II (SBIR)/ SMALL BUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER (STTR) PROGRAMS PHASE II", IS IDENTIFIED IN THE LINK: HTTPS://WWW.NSF.GOV/PUBLICATIONS/PUB_SUMM.JSP?ODS_KEY=NSF23516
Awarding / Funding Agency
Place of Performance
Berkeley, California 94710-3100 United States
Geographic Scope
Single Zip Code
Analysis Notes
Amendment Since initial award the End Date has been extended from 03/31/26 to 09/30/26 and the total obligations have increased 17% from $1,000,000 to $1,165,000.
Roca Water was awarded Cooperative Agreement 2321964 worth $1,165,000 from National Science Foundation in April 2024 with work to be completed primarily in Berkeley California United States. The grant has a duration of 2 years 5 months and was awarded through assistance program 47.084 NSF Technology, Innovation, and Partnerships. The Cooperative Agreement was awarded through grant opportunity NSF Small Business Innovation Research / Small Business Technology Transfer Phase II Programs (SBIR/STTR Phase II).

SBIR Details

Research Type
SBIR Phase II
Title
SBIR Phase II: Addressing Freshwater Salinization and Freshwater Scarcity with a Chloride Selective Removal and Recovery System
Abstract
The broader/commercial impact of this Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase II project is to comprehensively address issues related to water treatment, environment protection, and resource recovery through the development of a new desalination technology called a desalination battery. Steady growth in human population and rapid industrial development have led to greater demands for water production. At the same time, anthropogenic activities, agricultural practices, and the disposal of wastewater have led to salinization of natural freshwater resources. The desalination battery combines the functions of desalination and energy generation to reduce the energy and costs associated with desalination, addressing challenges at the intersection of the water-energy nexus. The goal of the proposed research is to accelerate the commercialization of the desalination battery by evaluating the effects of various solution components present in real feedwater types on the performance of the desalination battery. Successful development of the desalination battery will help to safeguard access to freshwater resources and ensure an adequate freshwater supply, which are essential to advance the health and welfare of the American public. The overall goal of this project is to commercialize a new desalination technology, a desalination battery, which is based on the patented use of Bi as a Cl-storage electrode in combination with a Na-storage electrode. Like conventional batteries, the desalination battery stores and releases energy during the charging and discharging processes, but they are also coupled with the storage and release of Na+ and Cl-. As the energy consumed during charging is recovered during discharging, the net energy required for desalination is drastically reduced. Furthermore, since Na+ and Cl- are removed via ion-specific electrode reactions, the desalination battery enables membrane-free desalination. While efficient removal of NaCl has been demonstrated, the effects of various other solution components present in real wastewater and seawater are still unknown. The goal of the proposed work is to accurately evaluate the effects of different salinities, pH conditions, and various inorganic and organic species present in real feedwater on the performance of the desalination battery and develop mitigation plans for any problematic components. The success of the proposed work is critical to perform accurate technoeconomic calculations to prioritize the most promising feedwater types to target and develop a tailored commercialization plan for specific applications. This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
Topic Code
ET
Solicitation Number
NSF 23-516

Status
(Ongoing)

Last Modified 9/18/25

Period of Performance
4/1/24
Start Date
9/30/26
End Date
61.0% Complete

Funding Split
$1.2M
Federal Obligation
$0.0
Non-Federal Obligation
$1.2M
Total Obligated
100.0% Federal Funding
0.0% Non-Federal Funding

Activity Timeline

Interactive chart of timeline of amendments to 2321964

Transaction History

Modifications to 2321964

Additional Detail

Award ID FAIN
2321964
SAI Number
None
Award ID URI
SAI EXEMPT
Awardee Classifications
Small Business
Awarding Office
491503 TRANSLATIONAL IMPACTS
Funding Office
491503 TRANSLATIONAL IMPACTS
Awardee UEI
M4MDGEMLKGY7
Awardee CAGE
9MYP2
Performance District
CA-12
Senators
Dianne Feinstein
Alejandro Padilla
Modified: 9/18/25