Space Technology

The PE 1206601SF: Space Technology program, managed by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) for the Department of the Air Force (DAF), is a comprehensive applied research initiative focused on developing and maturing technologies to support future space operations and national security needs. The program is structured around seven major research areas, each targeting specific technological advancements to ensure the U.S. maintains its leadership and resilience in the space domain. Funding supports both direct research activities and the civilian science and engineering workforce necessary to execute these efforts.

Enterprise Transformational Applied Research aims to accelerate the pipeline of transformational capabilities through multidisciplinary applied research. This includes efforts that engage industry, government labs, and academia in short-duration feasibility studies and demonstrations to uncover game-changing technologies, as well as programs that pursue high-risk, leap-ahead technology development. The objectives are to reduce risk, mature technologies, and enable solutions aligned with DAF priorities, such as trusted satellite autonomy and cost-effective satellite platforms.

Space Survivability & Surveillance focuses on understanding and forecasting the space environment to enhance the design, modeling, and performance of space systems. Key goals include developing techniques and sensors for space weather specification, supporting NORAD Homeland Defense Modernization, and advancing predictive capabilities for space environment impacts. The project also includes the development of strategic radiation-hardened electronics, such as non-volatile memory and focal plane arrays, to ensure system durability against nuclear and electromagnetic threats.

Spacecraft Payload Technologies develops advanced materials, sensors, and networking capabilities to improve satellite payload operations. Efforts include the development of infrared sensors for missile warning and tactical sensing, trusted AI/ML models for autonomous target identification, and quantum-based technologies for resilient communication, positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT). The project also supports high-fidelity simulation models and field demonstrations to validate new payload concepts in contested environments.

Rocket Propulsion Technology is dedicated to advancing rocket propulsion systems for space access and maneuver. Research areas include new propellants, combustion technologies, and high-temperature materials to improve reliability and performance. The project supports the development of rotating detonation rocket engines, rapid launch capabilities, and on-orbit propulsion technologies for dynamic space operations. It also maintains national unique testing assets and leverages commercial investments to accelerate innovation.

Lasers & Imaging Technology conducts research in ground-based optical space domain awareness, countering laser threats to spacecraft, and quantum-based optical communications. The program develops long-range electro-optical technologies for satellite imaging, vulnerability assessments, and secure laser communication networks. It maintains the Starfire Optical Range (SOR) for research and operational support, and advances AI tools for space object identification and tracking in complex orbital regimes.

Spacecraft Protection Technology aims to enhance mission assurance and protect U.S. space assets in potentially hostile environments. Objectives include developing autonomous satellite technologies, cyber hardening methods, and spectrum resilience techniques to support many-on-many engagement and defense. The project also supports the University Consortium for Space Research, fostering partnerships with academic institutions to address emerging space technology needs, such as in-space operations, advanced propulsion, and remote sensing.

Spacecraft Vehicle Technologies pursues a broad portfolio of emerging technologies for future space architecture, focusing on spacecraft structures, power systems, thermal management, electronics, and robotics. Key goals include developing high-efficiency solar cells, radiation-hardened microelectronics, autonomous rendezvous and docking capabilities, and advanced robotics for on-orbit servicing and manufacturing. The project leverages national expertise and partnerships to maintain foundational competencies supporting all space mission areas.