Operational Nuclear Power Systems

The Operational Nuclear Power Sys program, identified in the Department of the Navy's Research, Development, Test & Evaluation (RDT&E) budget as PE 0205675N, is a classified initiative focused on the development and sustainment of nuclear power systems for operational use within the Navy. The primary objective of this program is to ensure the continued advancement, safety, and reliability of the Navy's nuclear propulsion capabilities. These capabilities are critical for the operation of nuclear-powered submarines and aircraft carriers.

The central line item within this program element is the Operational Nuclear Power System (Project 1303). The goals of this project are to conduct research, development, and technical evaluations necessary to support the operational requirements of naval nuclear propulsion. This includes efforts to improve reactor design, enhance system safety, and ensure compliance with evolving regulatory and operational standards. The project also supports the integration of new technologies that can increase efficiency and reduce lifecycle costs for the Navy's nuclear fleet.

The Operational Nuclear Power System project is managed by the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program, a joint Department of Energy and Department of the Navy organization. This agency is responsible for all aspects of naval nuclear propulsion, including research, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of nuclear-powered ships and their support infrastructure. The program's objectives are closely aligned with national security priorities, as nuclear propulsion provides the Navy with endurance, speed, and operational flexibility.

Funding for this program element in FY 2026 supports classified research and development activities, including technology maturation, system upgrades, and risk reduction efforts. The budget also accounts for ongoing support to address emergent technical challenges and to ensure that the Navy's nuclear power systems remain state-of-the-art and fully mission capable.

While the specific technical details and accomplishments of the Operational Nuclear Power Sys program are classified, its overarching objective is to maintain the technological superiority and operational readiness of the Navy's nuclear-powered fleet. This includes efforts to extend reactor life, improve safety margins, and incorporate advanced materials and digital controls into future reactor designs. The program also emphasizes the importance of workforce development and training to sustain the highly specialized skills required for nuclear operations.

The justification for continued investment in this program is rooted in the strategic advantages provided by nuclear propulsion, including the ability to project power globally without reliance on conventional fuel logistics. The program also supports the Navy's compliance with environmental and safety regulations, ensuring that nuclear-powered vessels operate safely in peacetime and during conflict. Additionally, the program's research and development activities contribute to broader defense innovation goals by advancing technologies with potential applications beyond naval propulsion.