Narrowband Satellite Communications

The Narrowband Satellite Communications program, managed under Program Element (PE) 1203109SF, is an Air Force and Space Force initiative focused on providing secure, reliable, and global Ultra High Frequency (UHF) satellite communications for a diverse set of mobile and fixed-site users. The program's primary objective is to ensure beyond line-of-sight communications capability for the Department of Defense (DoD), supporting both legacy and modernized terminal populations. This is achieved through the Mobile User Objective System (MUOS), which replaces the aging UHF Follow-On (UFO) system and delivers enhanced capacity and performance for Combatant Command priorities.

A major component of this program is the Mobile User Objective System (MUOS) Baseline Upgrade, with specific goals centered on system optimization and modernization to address the evolving electromagnetic and cybersecurity environment. The Baseline Upgrade funds continued systems engineering, cybersecurity updates, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) mitigation to ensure robust and resilient communications. Planned activities include ground segment modernization, development and fielding of EMI mitigation solutions, and studies to address inclination control and eclipse contingencies for the space segment. The program is also working on usability enhancements such as terminal certification, integration, and testing, as well as developing alternative solutions to mitigate legacy UHF communication shortfalls and improve interoperability with other DoD and commercial systems.

The Mobile User Objective System (MUOS) Service Life Extension (SLE) is another major focus area, initiated in response to DoD assessments of future narrowband satellite communication availability. The SLE effort aims to extend the operational life of the MUOS constellation and supporting ground infrastructure by acquiring and launching two additional MUOS satellites, which will not include legacy UHF payloads but will ensure continued WCDMA capability through at least FY 2035. The SLE also includes modernization of the ground segment, migration to a digital processing architecture, and recapitalization of obsolete network equipment at Radio Access Facilities (RAFs). These upgrades are intended to maintain global communications coverage and network resiliency through FY 2040.

The program's systems engineering and integration activities are comprehensive, involving end-to-end responsibility for MUOS capability delivery to the warfighter. This includes network management, test management, and integration of all system-of-systems components. The Space Force, as the lead agency, coordinates with multiple contractors including General Dynamics for ground modernization and Lockheed Martin/Boeing for satellite design and production to ensure seamless interoperability and modernization across all segments. The acquisition strategy features competitive awards for satellite development and a sole-source contract for ground modernization, reflecting a balance between competition and continuity.

Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation (RDT&E) funding under this line item supports a range of technical and analytical activities, such as early satellite design, risk reduction, interface control development, and system requirements reviews. The program leverages commercial and international partnerships where appropriate and continues to conduct Analysis of Alternatives (AoA) studies to inform future narrowband SATCOM investments. Prototyping, risk reduction, and rapid response to emerging threats are emphasized to ensure the system remains agile and resilient in a contested space domain.

The budget justification for this program highlights the need to address the dynamic threat environment, maintain operational continuity as legacy systems age out, and provide secure, reliable communications for joint and coalition forces worldwide. Funding adjustments in recent years reflect realignment to higher Space Force priorities, efficiency initiatives, and the transition of some activities to other program elements for increased transparency and execution efficiency. The program also includes necessary civilian pay expenses for managing and delivering MUOS capabilities, supplementing other Space Force personnel accounts as needed.