MK-48 ADCAP

The MK-48 ADCAP (Advanced Capability) Program is a major Navy Research, Development, Test & Evaluation (RDT&E) initiative focused on incrementally improving the performance of the MK 48 heavyweight torpedo. The program's overarching goal is to ensure the MK 48 remains effective against evolving undersea and surface threats by developing and integrating advanced software and hardware capabilities. This effort is managed by the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) and leverages technologies from the Office of Naval Research (ONR), Strategic Capabilities Office (SCO), and a joint United States/Australia Armaments Cooperative Project (ACP).

A primary objective of the program is the development of Advanced Processor Builds (APBs), which are spiral upgrades to the torpedo's operational software. These APBs are designed to enhance the weapon's tactics, signal processing, and alertment capabilities, particularly in challenging environments such as shallow and very shallow water. The APB process uses modeling, simulation, and in-water testing to validate improvements in detection, tracking, and engagement of near-peer adversaries and diesel-electric submarines. The program also incorporates joint technology efforts with the Royal Australian Navy to maximize interoperability and leverage shared advancements.

The Torpedo Technology Insertions (TIs) component focuses on hardware upgrades, transitioning advanced technologies from research into operational systems. TI efforts include manufacturing development, integration, and testing of new sensors, propulsion systems, weapon/platform connectivity, and improved fusing. The MK 48 MOD 8 (APB 6/TI-1) introduces a new Guidance & Control section with a higher-density sonar array and the Improved Post Launch Communications System (IPLCS), which replaces copper guidance wire with fiber optics. These upgrades aim to improve performance against advanced countermeasures, low Doppler targets, and anti-surface warfare scenarios.

The MK 48 MOD 9 (APB 7/TI-2) Program represents a further evolution, with significant hardware and software enhancements tailored for different operational missions compared to MOD 8. MOD 9 introduces the Stored Chemical Energy Propulsion System (SCEPS) for increased range and advanced sensing capabilities against both surface and subsurface targets. The APB 7 software and algorithm upgrades are intended to deliver improved target processing and engagement performance. The MOD 9 program is supported by prototype development and testing at the Pennsylvania State University Applied Research Laboratory, with future industry contracts planned for production and operational integration.

The MK48 Afterbody Upgrades line item leverages ongoing ONR efforts to identify and implement updates to the torpedo's sensing and afterbody performance, as well as to increase the range of the Otto fuel engine across the ADCAP family. These upgrades are intended to extend the operational life and effectiveness of the existing torpedo inventory while maintaining cost efficiency.

Additionally, the Liberator project is funded to develop alternative methods for launching torpedoes or similar devices, supporting future operational flexibility and delivery options.

A separate budget line, Congressional Adds, provided funding in FY 2024 for MK-48 torpedo test equipment. This included procurement of TI-1 Guidance & Control test sets, support for WAS/WES test set development, and creation of the MOD 9 ADCAP Software Testbed (AST) for hardware and software integration. These efforts are intended to facilitate development and evaluation of practical solutions to supply chain and producibility challenges, ensuring the reliability and manufacturability of future torpedo upgrades.

The MK-48 ADCAP program's goals are to maintain technological superiority in undersea warfare by incrementally advancing torpedo capabilities through targeted software and hardware development, rigorous testing, and international cooperation. The program's acquisition strategy involves phased contracts with industry and research institutions, enabling continuous improvement and timely transition of new technologies into operational use. Budget adjustments reflect evolving priorities, workforce optimization, and alignment with broader Department of Defense efficiency initiatives.