Ballistic Missile Defense System Space Programs

The Ballistic Missile Defense System Space Programs (PE 1206895C), managed by the Missile Defense Agency (MDA), is a research, development, test, and evaluation (RDT&E) program focused on advancing space-based technologies to support U.S. missile defense. The program's primary objectives are to develop, demonstrate, and transition advanced space sensor capabilities that enable detection, tracking, and assessment of ballistic, hypersonic, and other advanced missile threats. This Program Element encompasses several distinct projects, each with specific goals aligned to evolving national defense policy and the need to address rapidly advancing missile threats from both rogue states and peer adversaries.

MD33: MD Space Exp Center (MDSEC) includes efforts such as the Spacebased Kill Assessment (SKA) experiment and the Space Applications for Missile Defense (SAMD). The SKA project was designed to deliver dedicated space sensors for hit and kill assessment in support of Homeland Defense. The SKA system featured a network of small infrared sensors hosted on commercial satellites, providing real-time situational awareness and assessment of missile intercepts. The project incorporated Government Accountability Office (GAO) recommendations on satellite disaggregation and shared control, and leveraged commercial satellite infrastructure to reduce costs. Due to shifting Department of Defense priorities, the SKA experiment is being cancelled in FY 2026 after demonstrating key capabilities.

SAMD, also under MD33, consolidates acquisition, engineering, and operational support for space-based missile defense applications. SAMD provides systems-of-systems engineering, technology integration, global testing, and configuration of prototype and operational space capabilities across agencies and services. It also manages the Missile Defense Space Enterprise Architecture (MDSEA), a ground segment platform for data processing and mission support, and coordinates with the United States Space Force and other agencies on next-generation missile defense initiatives.

Beginning in FY 2026, SAMD will centralize funding for MDSEA, improving integration and efficiency across the Missile Defense System Space Programs.

MD42: Hypersonic & Ballistic Tracking Space Sensor (HBTSS) Prototyping is a key initiative to develop and demonstrate space-based sensors capable of detecting and tracking hypersonic and ballistic missiles, particularly during the boost phase. The HBTSS prototype aims to provide fire-control quality tracking data, a capability that distinguishes it from other overhead persistent infrared sensors. This data is critical for enabling earlier and more accurate missile defense engagements. The program uses high technology readiness level components and a rapid acquisition approach, including Other Transaction Authority (OTA) agreements, to accelerate development and respond to urgent warfighter needs. Following successful demonstration, operational responsibility for HBTSS will transition to the U.S. Space Force, while MDA continues development of future space-based fire control sensors.

MC33: MD Space Exp Center (Cyber Operations) focuses on cybersecurity and risk management for the Ballistic Missile Defense System Space Programs. This project sustains the MDA's Risk Management Framework (RMF), conducts security controls assessments, and ensures compliance with the Federal Information Security Management Act. Activities include continuous monitoring, cybersecurity engineering, and validation testing to protect space sensor networks and information systems. The FY 2026 budget increase reflects additional cyber support requirements to address evolving threats and maintain Department of Defense system compliance.

MD40: Program-Wide Support provides non-headquarters management and operational support across the Missile Defense Agency's space programs. This includes funding for government civilians, contract support services, facility operations, security, training, and compliance with statutory requirements. Program-Wide Support ensures the integrity and oversight of the Missile Defense System, supports global deployments, and maintains facilities and infrastructure necessary for program execution. Costs are allocated on a pro-rata basis across multiple program elements and fluctuate annually based on the overall agency budget.